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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20190243, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020442

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION In recent decades, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter isolates has increased, and the production of oxacillinase (OXA)-type carbapenemases is the main mechanism underlying resistance. We evaluated OXA production from 114 Acinetobacter isolates collected between March and December 2013 from different clinical specimens of patients in two hospitals (Hospital 1 [n = 61] and Hospital 2 [n = 53]) located in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also evaluated the genetic diversity of OXA-producing isolates. METHODS All the isolates were identified through the automated system Vitek II and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS as belonging to the A. baumannii-A. calcoaceticuscomplex. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were verified through agar diffusion tests. The presence of OXA-encoding genes was confirmed by PCR. The genetic diversity of isolates positive for carbapenemase production was analyzed through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS There was a high rate of resistance to carbapenems in the isolates (imipenem: 96%; meropenem: 92%) from both hospitals. Moreover, a high percentage (95.6%) of OXA-23-positive isolates was observed for both hospitals, indicating that this was the main mechanism of carbapenem-resistance among the studied population. In addition, most isolates (96.5%) were positive for bla OXA-51. A high genetic diversity and a few major genotypes were found among the OXA-23-positive isolates analyzed. Only intra-hospital dissemination was observed. CONCLUSIONS The elevated dissemination of bla OXA-23-like observed among Acinetobacter isolates from both the studied hospitals highlights the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance in these institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acinetobacter/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/drug effects , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter/genetics , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Hospitals, General , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
2.
Rev. patol. trop ; 44(4): 386-394, dez. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912307

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a colonização por Streptococcus agalactiae em gestantes e determinar a susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos e o tipo capsular das amostras bacterianas isoladas. Foi avaliado um total de 114 gestantes de alto risco, atendidas no serviço de prénatal do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, entre 1º de setembro de 2013 e 31 de agosto de 2014. Secreções vaginais/anorretais, coletadas com auxílio de swabs, foram cultivadas e as culturas positivas submetidas à identificação da espécie e à determinação do perfil susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos pela técnica de difusão em agar e o tipo capsular por PCR-multiplex. A taxa de colonização foi de 6,1%, sem diferenças significativas entre as gestantes colonizadas ou não no que diz respeito a idade, grau de instrução e ocorrência de gestações anteriores. Por outro lado, a ausência de infecções bacterianas no momento da coleta foi significativamente associada à colonização por S. agalactiae. As amostras mostraram-se susceptíveis aos antimicrobianos ceftriaxona, clindamicina, eritromicina, levofloxacina, penicilina e vancomicina. Resistência à tetraciclina foi observada em 75% das amostras. Os tipos capsulares encontrados foram Ia (50%) e III (50%). A frequência de colonização por S. agalactiae foi inferior à observada em outros estudos, o que pode estar associado à clientela assistida nesta instituição. As amostras isoladas foram susceptíveis aos antimicrobianos recomendados para a profilaxia da infecção neonatal. Tais amostras albergaram os determinantes genéticos de tipos capsulares associados às infecções neonatais. Estes resultados realçam a necessidade do contínuo monitoramento da colonização a fim de se prevenir a infecção esteptocócica neonatal


Subject(s)
Pregnant Women , Bacterial Infections , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Anti-Infective Agents
3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(2): 531-533, Apr-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749720

ABSTRACT

The isolation of mannitol-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal swabs is reported. Among the 59 isolates, 9 (15%) isolates were mannitol-negative; all of these isolates were categorized as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa. This report emphasizes that mannitol fermentation on mannitol salt agar should not be used as the sole criterion when screening nasal swab specimens for S. aureus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mannitol/metabolism , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Nasal Mucosa/microbiology , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Fermentation , Genetic Loci , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/classification
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 16(6): 521-526, Nov.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-658921

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter spp. have emerged as notorious pathogens involved in healthcareassociated infections. Carbapenems are important antimicrobial agents for treating infections due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. Different mechanisms may confer resistance to these drugs in the genus, particularly production of class D carbapenemases. OXA-23-like family has been pointed out as one of the predominant carbapenamases among Acinetobacter. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of OXA-23-like carbapenemases among Acinetobacter isolates recovered from patients of a university hospital in Niterói, RJ, Brazil. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by disk-diffusion. Imipenem resistant isolates were submitted to Modified Hodge Test in order to screen for carbapenemase production, and later to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the presence of blaOXA-23. RESULTS: Imipenem and meropenem resistance rates were 71.4% and 69.7%, respectively. The Modified Hodge Test revealed carbapenemase production among 76 (89.4%) of the 85 imipenem resistant isolates analyzed; according to PCR results, 81 isolates (95.4%) carried the blaOXA-23 gene. CONCLUSIONS: OXA-23-like enzymes may be an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance among isolates present in the hospital studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acinetobacter/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/analysis , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Brazil , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Hospitals, University , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , beta-Lactamases/genetics
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(3): 368-370, May 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589049

ABSTRACT

Carbapenemase production is an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance among nonfermentative Gram-negative isolates. This study aimed to report the detection of blaOXA-58 gene in multiresistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii recovered from inpatients in a public hospital. Polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to detect the blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-58-like and blaOXA-51-like genes. The blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-23 genes were detected in one and three isolates, respectively. Sequencing of the blaOXA-58-like amplicon revealed 100 percent identity with the A. baumannii blaOXA-58 gene listed in the GenBank database. This is the first report of an OXA-58-producing A. baumannii isolate in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acinetobacter baumannii , beta-Lactamases , Acinetobacter Infections , Acinetobacter baumannii , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 41(3): 205-207, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-544443

ABSTRACT

Os microrganismos do genero Lactococcus apresentam caracteristicas fenotipicas semelhantes as do genero Enterococcus podendo ser erroneamente identificados como tal no laboratorio clinico. Durante um estudo epidemiologico visando a deteccao de enterococos resistentes a vancomicina, foram avaliadas 155 amostras, inicialmente suspeitas de pertencerem ao genero Enterococcus, isoladas da microbiota intestinal e de diversos materiais clinicos oriundos de pacientes atendidos em Instituicoes de Saude do Municipio de Niteroi, no periodo entre janeiro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006. Duas amostras, que apresentaram caracteristicas fisiologicas naototalmente compativeis com o genero Enterococcus, foram identificadas como Lactococcus garvieae atraves da utilizacao de testes adicionaiscomo a analise do perfil proteico total atraves de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sodio. Esta metodologia pode ser uma alternativa para identificar corretamente L. garvieae visto que e uma tecnica relativamente simples e demenor custo, quando comparada aos testes baseados na analise do DNA.


The members of the genus Lactococcus have phenotypic characteristics that resemble those of the genus Enterococcus and therefore can be erroneously identified in the clinical laboratory. During an epidemiological study aiming the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, were evaluated 155 isolates, initially suspected of belonging to the genus Enterococcus, recovery from the intestinal microflora and different clinical materials obtained from patients at Health Institutions of Niteroi city, in the period between January 2005 and January 2006. Two isolates, which showed physiological characteristics not fully compatible with the genusEnterococcus, 2006. Two isolates, which showed physiological characteristics not fully compatible with the genus Enterococcus, were identified as Lactococcus garvieae by using additional physiological tests and analysis of total protein profiles by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. This is an alternative methodology to correctly identify L. garvieae provided it is relatively easy to perform and of lower cost when compared to DNA based tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enterococcus , Lactococcus/isolation & purification , Phenotype , Vancomycin Resistance , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Disease Susceptibility , Norfloxacin/therapeutic use , Quinolones/therapeutic use , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(8): 786-790, Dec. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-502299

ABSTRACT

The Trichosporon genus is constituted by many species, of which Trichosporon ovoides and Trichosporon inkin are the causative agents of white piedra. They can cause nodules in genital hair or on the scalp. At present, Brazilian laboratory routines generally do not include the identification of the species of Trichosporon genus, which, although morphologically and physiologically distinct, present many similarities, making the identification difficult. The aim of this study was to identify the aetiological agents at the species level of white piedra from clinical specimens. Therefore, both the macro and micro morphology were studied, and physiological tests were performed. Trichosporon spp. was isolated from 10 clinical samples; T. ovoides was predominant, as it was found in seven samples, while T. inkin was identified just in two samples. One isolate could not be identified at the species level. T. inkin was identified for the first time as a white piedra agent in the hair shaft on child under the age of 10.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Piedra/microbiology , Scalp Dermatoses/microbiology , Trichosporon/classification , Mycological Typing Techniques , Retrospective Studies , Trichosporon/chemistry , Trichosporon/cytology
8.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 27(10): 575-579, out. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421949

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: verificar a ocorrência de colonização por Streptococcus agalactiae em gestantes e avaliar a suscetibilidade das amostras isoladas aos antimicrobianos. MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas 167 grávidas entre a 32ª e a 41ª semana de gestação, independente da presença ou não de fatores de risco, atendidas no ambulatório de pré-natal entre fevereiro de 2003 e fevereiro de 2004. O material vaginal/anal, colhido com um único swab, foi inoculado em caldo Todd-Hewitt acrescido de ácido nalidíxico (15 æg/mL) e gentamicina (8 æg/mL), com posterior subcultura no meio de ágar sangue. A identificação foi feita por meio da avaliação da morfologia e tipo de hemólise das colônias no meio de ágar sangue, teste da catalase, teste de cAMP e testes sorológicos. A avaliação da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos foi realizada pelos testes de difusão e de diluição em ágar. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de chi2; valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: a freqüência de colonização foi de 19,2 por cento, sem diferenças significativas com relação à idade, número de gestações, ocorrência de abortos e presença ou ausência de diabete melito (p>0,05). Todas as 32 amostras isoladas foram sensíveis a penicilina, cefotaxima, ofloxacina, cloranfenicol, vancomicina e meropenem. A resistência a eritromicina e clindamicina foi detectada em 9,4 e 6,2 por cento das amostras, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: a incidência relativamente elevada (19,2 por cento) de colonização por S. agalactiae entre as gestantes avaliadas e o isolamento de amostras resistentes, especialmente aos antimicrobianos recomendados nos casos de alergia à penicilina, enfatizam a importância de detectar esta colonização no final da gravidez, associada à avaliação da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, para uma prevenção eficaz da infecção neonatal.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Incidence , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Streptococcal Infections , Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity
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